A resistive circuit is a circuit containing only resistors and ideal current and voltage sources. Analysis of resistive circuits is less complicated than analysis of circuits containing capacitors and inductors. If the sources are constant (DC) sources, the result is a DC circuit.
A network that contains active electronic components is known as an electronic circuit. Such networks are generally nonlinear and require more complex design and analysis tools.
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[edit] Design methods
Linear Network Analysis | |
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Elements | |
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Components | |
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Series and parallel circuits | |
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Impedance transforms | |
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Generator theorems | Network theorems |
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Network analysis methods | |
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Two-port parameters | |
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Circuit simulation software, such as HSPICE, and languages such as VHDL-AMS and verilog-AMS allow engineers to design circuits without the time, cost and risk of error involved in building circuit prototypes.
[edit] Electrical laws
A number of electrical laws apply to all electrical networks. These include:- Kirchhoff's current law: The sum of all currents entering a node is equal to the sum of all currents leaving the node.
- Kirchhoff's voltage law: The directed sum of the electrical potential differences around a loop must be zero.
- Ohm's law: The voltage across a resistor is equal to the product of the resistance and the current flowing through it.
- Norton's theorem: Any network of voltage and/or current sources and resistors is electrically equivalent to an ideal current source in parallel with a single resistor.
- Thévenin's theorem: Any network of voltage and/or current sources and resistors is electrically equivalent to a single voltage source in series with a single resistor.
- See also Network analysis (electrical circuits).
[edit] Network simulation software
More complex circuits can be analyzed numerically with software such as SPICE or GNUCAP, or symbolically using software such as SapWin.[edit] Linearization around operating point
When faced with a new circuit, the software first tries to find a steady state solution, that is, one where all nodes conform to Kirchhoff's Current Law and the voltages across and through each element of the circuit conform to the voltage/current equations governing that element.Once the steady state solution is found, the operating points of each element in the circuit are known. For a small signal analysis, every non-linear element can be linearized around its operation point to obtain the small-signal estimate of the voltages and currents. This is an application of Ohm's Law. The resulting linear circuit matrix can be solved with Gaussian elimination.
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